We do not have a special test that can set the diagnosis of schizophrenia. A mental health specialist draws a conclusion judging from the symptoms the patient has. A certain physical testing exists however and it can be of help when there is a need to differentiate between schizophrenia and other disorders that might have the same symptoms (brain tumor, drug use, seizure and metabolic disorders).
There exists a certain variation of symptoms from one individual to another. There are four categories of symptoms:
- positive (psychotic). Symptoms characteristic of people with schizophrenia and not characteristic of healthy people. For example, hallucinations or delusion.
- negative. Symptoms characteristic of healthy people and not characteristic with people who have schizophrenia. For example, flat mood.
- cognitive. Symptoms that affect the person’s thinking process. These symptoms can be both positive and negative, e.g. inability to concentrate will be classified as a negative symptom.
- emotional. Symptoms that affect the person’s emotions. These are mostly negative. E.g. flat mood.
Among the major symptoms of schizophrenia we can name:
- delusions. The sufferer may display the feeling of guilt or delusion of grandeur. Such person might believe that he possesses some superpowers or that he is being chased.
- hallucinations. The most common hallucination type is auditory hallucination (when the patient hears voices).
- thought disorder. The sufferer is likely to speak with no logical coherence, and it is almost impossible to follow him or her. A person may also think that someone is affecting the work of his or her mind.
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Among other symptoms we can name the absence of motivation, absence of emotions, social withdrawal, problems with cognition. Some of the patients may not be aware or believe the specialists that they are suffering from schizophrenia as they lose the grip of reality affected by delusion and hallucinations that seem so real.
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